根据德国标准DIN50150,以下是常用范围的钢材抗拉强度与维氏硬度、布氏硬度、洛氏硬度的对照表。
抗拉强度
Rm N/mm2 |
维氏硬度
HV |
布氏硬度
HB |
洛氏硬度
HRC |
洛氏硬度
HRB |
| 250 |
80 |
76.0 |
- |
|
| 270 |
85 |
80.7 |
- |
|
| 285 |
90 |
85.2 |
- |
|
| 305 |
95 |
90.2 |
- |
|
| 320 |
100 |
95.0 |
- |
|
| 335 |
105 |
99.8 |
- |
|
| 350 |
110 |
105 |
- |
|
| 370 |
115 |
109 |
- |
|
| 380 |
120 |
114 |
- |
|
| 400 |
125 |
119 |
- |
64.5 |
| 415 |
130 |
124 |
- |
67.5 |
| 430 |
135 |
128 |
- |
70 |
| 450 |
140 |
133 |
- |
73 |
| 465 |
145 |
138 |
- |
75 |
| 480 |
150 |
143 |
- |
77 |
| 490 |
155 |
147 |
- |
78 |
| 510 |
160 |
152 |
- |
80 |
| 530 |
165 |
156 |
- |
82.1 |
| 545 |
170 |
162 |
- |
84 |
| 560 |
175 |
166 |
- |
84.9 |
| 575 |
180 |
171 |
- |
86 |
| 595 |
185 |
176 |
- |
87.5 |
| 610 |
190 |
181 |
- |
88.6 |
| 625 |
195 |
185 |
- |
89.6 |
| 640 |
200 |
190 |
- |
90.9 |
| 660 |
205 |
195 |
- |
92 |
| 675 |
210 |
199 |
- |
93 |
| 690 |
215 |
204 |
- |
94 |
| 705 |
220 |
209 |
- |
95 |
| 720 |
225 |
214 |
- |
95.6 |
| 740 |
230 |
219 |
- |
97 |
| 755 |
235 |
223 |
- |
97.5 |
| 770 |
240 |
228 |
20.3 |
98.4 |
| 785 |
245 |
233 |
21.3 |
99 |
| 800 |
250 |
238 |
22.2 |
100 |
| 820 |
255 |
242 |
23.1 |
101 |
| 835 |
260 |
247 |
24.0 |
|
| 850 |
265 |
252 |
24.8 |
|
| 865 |
270 |
257 |
25.6 |
|
| 880 |
275 |
261 |
26.4 |
103 |
| 900 |
280 |
266 |
27.1 |
|
| 915 |
285 |
271 |
27.8 |
|
| 930 |
290 |
276 |
28.5 |
|
| 950 |
295 |
280 |
29.2 |
105.5 |
| 965 |
300 |
285 |
29.8 |
|
| 995 |
310 |
295 |
31.0 |
|
| 1030 |
320 |
304 |
32.2 |
|
| 1060 |
330 |
314 |
33.3 |
|
| 1095 |
340 |
323 |
34.4 |
|
| 1125 |
350 |
333 |
35.5 |
|
| 1115 |
360 |
342 |
36.6 |
|
| 1190 |
370 |
352 |
37.7 |
|
| 1220 |
380 |
361 |
38.8 |
|
| 1255 |
390 |
371 |
39.8 |
|
| 1290 |
400 |
380 |
40.8 |
|
| 1320 |
410 |
390 |
41.8 |
|
| 1350 |
420 |
399 |
42.7 |
|
| 1385 |
430 |
409 |
43.6 |
|
| 1420 |
440 |
418 |
44.5 |
|
| 1455 |
450 |
428 |
45.3 |
|
| 1485 |
460 |
437 |
46.1 |
|
| 1520 |
470 |
447 |
46.9 |
|
| 1555 |
480 |
(456) |
47.7 |
|
| 1595 |
490 |
(466) |
48.4 |
|
| 1630 |
500 |
(475) |
49.1 |
|
| 1665 |
510 |
(485) |
49.8 |
|
| 1700 |
520 |
(494) |
50.5 |
|
| 1740 |
530 |
(504) |
51.1 |
|
| 1775 |
540 |
(513) |
51.7 |
|
| 1810 |
550 |
(523) |
52.3 |
|
| 1845 |
560 |
(532) |
53.0 |
|
| 1880 |
570 |
(542) |
53.6 |
|
| 1920 |
580 |
(551) |
54.1 |
|
| 1955 |
590 |
(561) |
54.7 |
|
| 1995 |
600 |
(570) |
55.2 |
|
| 2030 |
610 |
(580) |
55.7 |
|
| 2070 |
620 |
(589) |
56.3 |
|
| 2105 |
630 |
(599) |
56.8 |
|
| 2145 |
640 |
(608) |
57.3 |
|
| 2180 |
650 |
(618) |
57.8 |
|
|
660 |
|
58.3 |
|
|
670 |
|
58.8 |
|
|
680 |
|
59.2 |
|
|
690 |
|
59.7 |
|
|
700 |
|
60.1 |
|
|
720 |
|
61.0 |
|
|
740 |
|
61.8 |
|
|
760 |
|
62.5 |
|
|
780 |
|
63.3 |
|
|
800 |
|
64.0 |
|
|
820 |
|
64.7 |
|
|
840 |
|
65.3 |
|
|
860 |
|
65.9 |
|
|
880 |
|
66.4 |
|
|
900 |
|
67.0 |
|
|
920 |
|
67.5 |
|
|
940 |
|
68.0 |
|
硬度试验是机械性能试验中最简单易行的一种试验方法。为了能用硬度试验代替某些机械性能试验，生产上需要一个比较准确的硬度和强度的换算关系。
实践证明，金属材料的各种硬度值之间，硬度值与强度值之间具有近似的相应关系。因为硬度值是由起始塑性变形抗力和继续塑性变形抗力决定的，材料的强度越高，塑性变形抗力越高，硬度值也就越高。 |